Revisiting self-discharge of supercapacitors with multilayered graphene membrane as a model nanoporous electrode

Abstract

Self-discharge in electrochemical energy storage systems, particularly in electric double-layer capacitors, poses significant challenges due to the spontaneous dissipation of stored charges at electrode/electrolyte interfaces, which compromises device performance and energy efficiency. Despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms of self-discharge remain a subject of debate. In this study, we use multilayered graphene-based membranes with adjustable nanoslit sizes as an additive-free electrode material platform to revisit the self-discharge in nanoporous electrodes. By integrating a hybrid self-discharge model with a comprehensive electrochemical characterization, we identified act..